Machine gun ammunition feed



J. c. TROTTER El'AL V MACHINE GUN AMMUNITION FEED Fil'ed Aug. 16, 1940 3Sheets-Sheet l III JohnCTrofier & JobnL Jewett INVENTORS J1. a MMATTORNEYS Nov. 3, 1942. J. c. TROTTER ETAL MACHINE GUN AMMUNITION FEEDFiled Aug. 16, 1940 -25 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.2.

John Ldewefi,

/ INVENTORS Nov. 3, 1942. I

J. c. TROTTER ETAL MACHINE sun AMMUNITION FEED s Sh eets-Sheet s FiledAug. 16, 1940 & a a fl w OWN ovw Ta CL DD mm JJ ATTORNEYS mm o. Trotter,Williamsville, and John L. rewett, Bufialo, N. Y., assignors to BellAircraft Corporation, Bufialo, N. Y.

Application August is, 1940, Serial No. 352,880

14 Claims. 189-33) This invention relates to automatic guns, and moreparticularly to devices for continuously feeding ammunition to machineguns of the flex-- ibly mounted type. Machine guns of the abovedescribed character are presently mounted upon aircraft or othervehicles in such manner as to be pivotable vertically for elevationadjustments, and pivotable horizontally for traverse adjustments; and insome cases they are also mounted for translational movements relative totheir supporting devices to further facilitate training of the gun uponthe target.

The ammunition container is preferably disposed as close as possible tothe gun in view of space considerations within the aircraft or othersupporting vehicle, and the linked cartridge belt must be unobstructedin its movement from the container into the cartridge receiving port ofthe gun. These objects may be obtained by mounting the ammunitioncontainer directly upon the gun carrier in such manner that theammunition container moves with the gun unit as an integral componentthereof during all adjusting movements of the gun. Thus, the directionalrelationship of the gun cartridge receiving port and the ammunitioncontainer outlet opening remains undisturbed and the linked cartridgesmay be arranged to move directly into the "gun port at the properdirectional attitude thereto. However, such type of arrangement ispracticable only in conjunction with use of relatively small capacityammunition containers because of space and weight considerations. Forexample, an ammunition container such as is suitable for use inconjunction with,aerial guns under present day tactical conditions musthave a capacity for one thousand or more rounds of ammunition, and it isimpractical to mount a loaded container of such size and weight directlyupon the gun in such manner as to move as a unit therewith duringsighting movements of the gun. Therefore these larger capacityammunition containers are necessarily located upon the floor or thegunners compartment or some other stationary supporting structure.Consequently, when in action. sighting adjustments of the guncontinually alter the directional relationship of the ammunitioncontainer outlet-opening and the cartridge receiving port of the gun,and unless the cartridge belt is properly guided intermediately of thesepoints it is subjected to twisting forces which tend to distort the beltin the regions oiexit from the ammunition container and entrance intothe gun to such extent as to interfere with the pro- 55 facilitated,

gross of the belt in the manner necessary to proper operation of thegun.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improvedammunition feed means for use in conjunction with flexibly mounted gunswhich will obviate the disadvantages and dimculties herein abovereferred to. Another object of the invention is to provide an improvedform of automatic gun and ammunition container arrangement wherebyplural gun units may be more advantageously employed. Other objects andadvantages of the invention will appear from the specification herein.

In the drawings Fig-1 is airagmentary side elevation of a machine gunand its ammunition container having an ammunition feed guide device ofthe invention in association therewith and showing the cartridge belt inparts diagrammatically and a cover guard portion of the device removed;

Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken substantially along line2--2 of Fig.1;

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view corresponding to Fig. 1 but showingelements of the invention in different adjusted positions;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic plan showing elements of the invention indifl'erent adjusted positions; and

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic plan of a dual machine gun ammunition containerarrangement of the invention.

Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a typical aerial machine gun l0 mounted upona carrier or recoil adaptor l2 which comprises essentially a pair ofparallel 'rails hi connected by means of transverse brackets l6. Theadaptor I2 is pivotally mounted upon the upper end of a supporting yoke20 by means of pivotal connections 22 defining a substantiallyhorizontal axis of rotation for the gun. The lower end of the yoke 20 isprovided with a vertically extending shaft portion It adapted to berotatably carried in a hearing portion of the gun supporting structure(not shown). Thus, the gun I0 is rotatable horizontally about thevertical center line of the shaft portion 24, and rotatable in verticalplanes about the axis of the pivotal connections 22. It be understoodthat the bearing member supporting the shaft portion 24 may be eitherfixedly mounted upon the airplane structure or part of a movablemounting element, as for example, a slide member adapted to moverelative to stationary portions of the airplane fuselage sot-hattraintarget may be further ing or the gun upon the form of a continuousbelt which is initially nested in the container 30 in accordion-foldedmanner. The container 30 is ofsimple closed box form and is providedwith a cartridge belt outlet opening 33 man upper wall portion thereof.A pair of spaced rollers 40 are mounted transversely of the containeropening in such manner as to function as roller bearings engaging thecartridge belt 32 for easing itswithdrawal from the container duringprogress'toward the gun.

A cartridge belt guide device designated generally by the numeral ismounted upon the gun adaptor l2 by means of a bracket 43 secured to acarrier rail [4 for guiding the cartridge belt 32 into the cartridgereceiving port 43 of the gun. The guide device comprises essentially afunnel portion 53 which is, adapted to receive the cartridge belt- 32 inthreaded relation therethrough; the member 53 being fixed at its reducedslot-like end 52 in direct alignment with the cartridge receiving port43 of the gun. a The funnel portion 5|! isformed at its, outer enlargedend with a flanged face portion 53; and a pluralthrough the center ofrotation of the gun relative to its supporting means during vertical,adjustments of the gun for target sighting purposes.

Thus, as the gun muzzle is elevated and/or depressed the guide device 44is adapted to adjust itself automatically in such manner as to dispose Ithe roller 66 in such attitude as to divide the twist imparted to thecartridge belt by reason of the .gun elevational adjustments between theportions of the cartridge belt that are disposed im-, mediately aboveand below the roller 55. Consequently, the belt 32 will be enabled tonegotiate the twisting and turning movements necessary to enter thethroat 52 in line with'the gunport 43 under different conditions of'elevational adjustment of the win an lmprovedmanner and free frominterferences such as would otherwise obstruct the proper progress ofthe belt. Particular attention is called to the fact that by,

reason of the axial relationship-of the rollerI 55 and the gun pivotconnections 22,1as explained hereinabove, elevational adjustments of thegun I will be accompanied by readjustments in the carity of rollers 54are rotatably mounted in a circular arrangement upon the face-53 of themember'50 by means of pins 55. A hollow frame 58 is mounted upon themember for rotation relative to the latter about an axis substantiallycoincident with that of the pivotal connections 22. To thisend the frame58 is provided with an end portion of externally cylindrical form andexternally grooved as at 32 so as to provide a continuous tracktherearound into which the rollers 54 engage in such manner as toposition the frame 58 in rotatable relation adjacent the outer face 53of the funnel member 53. A roller 66 is mounted to extend transverselyof the opening through the frame 58 by means of a shaft 68. The roller66 is arranged to function as a roller bearing support for the cartridgebelt 32 when; trained therearound as illustratedin Figs. land raisedannular abutments II and I2 at opposite l2. Under such conditions thefinger platesli ends thereof for spaced contact-with the'cartridges 34when disposed thereon. Enlarged flange portions 14 are arranged toextend from v the frame 53 concentric of the ends of the roller 55 forgiving bearing support to the shaft 58 of the roller and for preventinglateral displacement of the belt 32 from the roller.

Thus, the roller 55 is normally disposed substantially parallel to thefixed slotted end 52 of the guide member, .and at a locationsubstantlally spaced therefrom. As illustrated in Fig. 2, the roller 56is so disposed vertically as tonbe adapted to support the cartridge beltin such manner that the plan view center line of that portion of thecartridge belt that isdisposed upon the top surface of'the roller issubstantially in the horizontal plane passing'through the axis Thus, itwill be understood that the guide device 44 comprises essentiallya fixedthroatpo'rtion 52 directly in line with the cartridge'receiv ins'tport43 of the gun, and a roller adapted to function as a roller bearingabout which the cartridge belt will train during its movement toward 1the? fixed throatportion, and that the frame membersupporting the rollerdevice is free to rotate about an axis passing 1 substantially tridgebelt attitude that will be translated inall cases into pure twist inthat portion of the belt which is disposed between the roller 55 and thegun port 48, and no lateral displacement forces will be imposed thereonas a result of the rotation of the axis of the roller 66 relative to thegun port 48. A belt guide plate I5 (Fig.2), is

mounted upon the frame 58 and curved in spaced relation about the upperportion of, the roller; 55 so as to provide a cartridge beltaccommodating space therebetween and to function as a guard againstaccidental displacement of the cartridge belt from the roller as whenthe airplane mountingthe gun is flying in inverted attitude. A pair ofspring metal plates 16 are mounted in cantilever manner upon thefixedthroat portion 52 so as to extend at opposite sides of the ear-- tridgebelt 32 and into the cartridge receiving port 48 of the gun so as toguide. the belt into, the port 48 without possibility of interferencesdue to shifting of the gun port 43 relative to the guide throat 52 lasin connection with recoil movements of the gun [0 relative to thecarrier elastically deform to' provide in 1 all cases a smooth channelwhich is free of lateral projections for passage of the belt 32 into thegun.

1 A second cartridge belt guide device designated generallyby thenumeral 83 is illustrated as being arranged adjacent the belt outletopening 38 of the ammunition container 30 for improved guiding of thebelt relative to the container out,- let opening.

of the gun and its carrier structure relativeto fixed portions of themounting vehicle will cause the upper portion of the cartridge belt tomove relative to the container outlet opening, in di-- rections havinghorizontal components, as viewed in the drawings,,whenever the container30 is mounted upon a stationarysupporting structure. Consequently, thetwisting and turning move- It will be understood that, gun trav ersingadjustments about the axis-of the shaft 24 and/or elevationaladjustments about the axis of the pivots 22 and/or bodily movements itridge belt 32 when threaded therethrough and rotatably mounted upon asupporting ring 84 which is pivotally mounted upon a stationary support86 by means of a laterally extending stub shaft portion 88 for pivotalmovements about an axis disposed transversely of the axis of rotation ofthe cuff 82 relative to the ring 84. The cuff 82 is formed with anintegral cylindrical body portion 98 which is externally grooved at 82for engagement with a plurality of rollers 94 which are circularlyarranged concentrically of the axis of cufi rotation and rotatablymounted upon the supporting ring 84 by means of pins 88. The cuff 82 isflared at its open end portions to provide smoothly curving entrance andexit ports thereinto for the cartridge belt 32 so that the 7 latter maynegotiatetums into and out of the cuff with maximum facility;

Thus, the cuff 82 is adapted to provide under all conditions a roundedabutment so disposed as to guide the cartridge belt adjacent thecontainer outlet opening and of such character as to automaticallyadjust itself to divide the angles of twist accompanying gun sightingadjustments between portions of the cartridge belt above and below thecuff. Also, because the pin 88 fixes the cuff 82 against translationalmovements in horizontal directions, the cuff at all times maintainsadjacent portions of the belt in proper lateral 1 relation with respectto the container belt outlet opening 38, and consequently the turningand twisting forces within the belt 32 above the cuff 82 are resolvedinto simple twisting forces of reduced magnitude within the belt betweenthe cuff and the containeropening. Thus, lateral displacement and severetwisting of the belt in the region of the container outlet opening suchas would otherwise obstruct proper progress of the belt from thecontainer to the gun is avoided.

Figures 3 and 4 illustrate diagrammatically the operation of the beltguide devices of the invention under different gun sighting conditions.Figure 3 corresponds to Fig. l and illustrates changes in the relativeattitudes of essential elements of the device when the gun muzzle iselevated. It will be seen that the guide devices 44 and 80 preventlateral displacement of the car-, tridge belt portions adjacent the guncartridge receiving port 48 and the ammunition container outlet opening38, respectively, and simultanecusly rotate to divide the angles oftwist between belt portions at either side thereof, thus eliminatingsevere twists in the belt at the container outlet and the gun intakeport. Figure 4 illustrates in plan view operation of the devices duringtraverse adjustments of the gun whereby the same beneficial features ofthe invention are obtained as described hereinabove.

Figure 5 illustrates diagrammatically a pair of machine guns l8, eachassociated with its individual ammunition container 38. The guns aremounted in fixed parallel relation for simultaneous sighting and firing.The containers 30 therefor are illustrated as being arranged inlaterally offset and side-by-side relation, which arrangement is quitepracticable in view of the novel and improved belt guiding features ofthe invention as explained hereinabove. Thus, the guns 18 may be mountedin ideal .side-by-side relation and the ammunition containers thereformay be disposed under the guns on the floor of the gunners compartmentin side-by-side relation instead of in end-to-end relation such as woulddispose their belt outlet openings in line with the cartridge receivingports of the guns.

Consequently, much valuable space may be conserved that would otherwisebe required in the form of airplane fuselage width sufficient toaccommodate the two ammunition containers in end-to-end relation.

It is of course contemplated that various changes may be made in' thestructure hereinabove described and illustrated by the drawings, andthat the invention is adapted to provide advantageous performance inconnection with a wide variety of machine gun types and forms ofinstallation. For instance, if preferred, the guide device 44 may beformed with a rounded stationary abutment portion of similar dispositionabout which the belt may slide, in lieu of the roller 86, to provide thebelt guiding features hereinabove described. Also, the cartridge beltguiding cuff 82 may be mounted in proper position relative to theammunition container outlet by means of a suitable gimbal type mount orby means of a ball and socket type mount, so as to enable the cufi 82 torotate freely about all axes thereof but without lateral displacementfrom proper position relative to the ammunition container outlet port.Also, the belt guide cuff device 82 may be positioned, if desired, toeither side of the container outlet opening 38 as viewed in Fig. 2,because the cartridge belt 32 will be enabled to freely turn about theadjacent roller 40 of the ammunition container and into the flared openend of the cuff 82. However, the cuff 82 will be preferably disposed inline with the ammunition container outlet opening 38 as view in Fig. 1,so that the belt will not be laterally distorted in, order to trainbetween the container outlet opening and the cuff 82.

It will also be understood that the cartridge belt guiding means hereinillustrated and described is adapted to function with equal facility inconjunction with an inverted gun and ammunition container arrangement,such as for use within a tunnel gun compartment located in the belly ofan airplane fuselage. In such case the gun is disposed in the lowermostposition possible, and the ammunition container is mounted thereabove.The guide devices 44 and 88 will thereupon be positioned intermediatelyof the gun and the ammunition container in inverted relation withrespect to the previous description and to the illustration of thedrawings herein; and will thus be adapted to function eflicientlyregardless of the relative disposition and/or attitude of the gun andthe ammunition container, and to provide the features and advantages ofthe invention as hereinabove described. Thus, the invention provideseffective guiding of the continuously feeding cartridge belt between theammunition container and the gun during flight at upright, inverted, orother attitude of the aircraft mounting the gun; and although only alimited number of forms of the invention have been shown and describedin detail herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art thatthe invention is not so limited but that various changes may be madetherein without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scopeof the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A cartridge belt guide device for attachment to a machine gunpivotable upon,its support about a horizontal axis comprising a throatmember having a cartridge guiding end portion adapted to be fixed inregistry with the cartridge receiving port of said gun, a frame memberrotatably mounted upon said throat member opposite said cartridgeguiding end portion thereof for rotation relative to said throat memberabout a horizontal axis, and a roller mounted upon said frame'membertransversely thereof and adapted to engage a cartridge belt when trainedthereover and threaded into said cartridge guiding end portion forguiding the progress of said belt into said gun.-

2. A cartridge belt guide device for attachment to a machine gunpivotable upon its support about a horizontal axis, comprising a throatmember having a cartridge guiding end portion adapted to be fixed inregistry with the cartridge receiving port of said gun, a frame memberrotatably mounted upon said throat member oppositesaid cartridge guidingend portion thereof for rotation relative to said throat member about ahorizontal axis, and a roller mounted upon said frame membertransversely thereof and adapted to engage a cartridge belt when trainedthereover and threaded into said cartridge guiding end portion forguiding the progress of said belt into said gun, said roller being sopositioned upon said frame as to support the roller-delivered portion ofsaid belt at a position substantially coincident with the line of saidfirst mentioned horizontal axis.

3. A cartridge belt guide device for attachment to a machine gunpivotable upon its support about a horizontal axis comprising a throatmember having a cartridge guiding end portion adapted to be fixed inregistry with the cartridge receiving port of said gun, a frame memberrotatably mounted upon said throat member opposite said cartridgeguiding end portion thereof adapted to be fixed in registry with thecartridge receiving port of said gun, a frame member rotablymounted uponsaid throat member opposite said cartridge guiding end portion thereoffor rotation relative to said throat member about an axiscoincident-with an extension ofsaid first mentioned horizontal axis, anda roller mounted upon said frame member transversely thereof. andadapted to engage a cartridge belt when trained thereover and threadedinto said cartridge guiding end portion forguidlngthe pro ress of saidbelt into said gun, said roller being so positioned upon said frame asto support the roller-delivered portion of said belt at a positionsubstantially coincident with the line of said flrs mentioned horizontalaxis.

5. In combination, a machine gun flexibly mounted upon a support andhaving a cartridge receiving port, an ammunition container enclosing afolded belt of cartridges for continuous feeding to said gun port, aguid device attached to said gun and having a stationary throat memberin registry with said cartridge receiving port of said gun and a rollermember for supporting said belt and guiding the latter and changing thedirection of movement thereof during its progress toward said gun, saidroller being mounted upon tion of said roller relative to said throatmember about an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of said roller.

6. In combination, a machine gun flexibly mounted upon a support andhaving a cartridge receiving port, an ammunition container enclosing afolded belt of cartridges for continuous feeding to said gun port, aguide device attached to said gun and having a stationary throat memberin registry with said cartridge receiving port of said gun and a rollermember for supporting said belt and guiding the latter and changing thedirection of movement thereof during its progress permitted toautomatically adjust itself so as to support said belt relative to saidcontainer outlet opening in such manner as to avoid, acute twists and/orturns in said belt'at the point of emergence from said container outletopening.

7. In combination, a machine gun support, a machine gun mounted uponsaid support for movement relative thereto in connection with recoilaction, a cartridge belt guide device rigidly mounted upon said supportand having a cartridge guiding end opening normally disposed in registrywith the cartridge receiving port of said gun, and spring plate devicesmounted in cantilever fashion at opposite sides of said cartridgeguiding end opening of said guide device and extending into saidcartridge receiving port and adapted to flex in response to relativemovement of said gun and said support and to provide therebetween at alltimes a smooth passage for the cartridge-belt into said gun port.

8. In combination, a machine gun having a cartridge receiving port andslidably mounted upammunition container enclosing a folded belt ofcartridges for continuous feeding to said gun port, a belt guide devicefixedly mounted upon said carrier and having a throat portion inregistry with said cartridge receiving port of said gun, said throatmember being provided with a pair of spring guide plates mounted incantilever fashion thereon and extending into said gun cartridgereceiving port at opposite sides thereof and a roller member forsupporting said belt and guiding the latter and changing the directionof movementthereof-durin'g its progress toward said gun, said rollerbeing mounted upon said throat member by means permitting rotation ofsaid roller relative to said throat member about an axis transverse tothe longitudinal axis of said roller, and a second guide device mountedadjacent the outlet opening of said cartridge belt container andcomprising'a cufi' member adapted to slidably accommodate said cartridgebelt when threaded therethrough, said cufl' member being pivotable abouttwo transverse axes so as tobe permitted to automatically adjust itselfso as to support said belt relative to said container outlet opening insuch manner as to avoid acute twists said throat member by meanspermitting rotaand/or turns in said belt at the point of emergence fromsaid container outlet opening.

' 9. In combination, a machine guiflexibly mounted upon a supportingstructure for vertical adjustments about a horizontal pivoting mounting,said gun having a cartridge receiving port, an ammunition containeradapted to enclose a folded cartridge belt for continuous feedingthereof to said gun port, a cartridge belt guide device having astationary throat portion fixed in registry with said cartridgereceiving port of said gun and a cartridge belt guiding abutment forsupporting said cartridge belt and guiding the latter into changes ofdirection of movement thereof during progress towards said gun, saidabutment being mounted upon said throat member by means adapted topermit rotation of said abutment portion relative to said throat memberand about an axis coincident with an extension of the axis of saidhorizontal pivoting mounting, and a second cartridge belt guide devicemounted adjacent the outlet opening of said cartridge belt container andcomprising a cuff member 1 adapted to guide said cartridge belt whenthreaded therethrough, said cuff being pivotable about substantiallyperpendicular axes so as to be adapted to automatically adjust itself tochanges in the direction of retreat of said belt from said cuff in suchmanner as to divide the angles of belt movement direction about saidcuff member as a center.

10. A cartridge belt guide device adapted to be mounted adjacent theoutlet opening of a cartridge belt container for use in association witha machine gun arranged to be flexibly mounted relative to said containerand at a position substantially spaced therefrom, comprising a ringmember adapted to be mounted at an edge portion thereof in pivotablerelation upon a fixed support adjacent said container outlet opening forpivotingabout an axis substantially intersecting the direction of exodusof said cartridge belt from said container when moving to feed adjacentthe outlet opening of said cartridge belt container and to receive acartridge belt in threaded relation therethrough, said cuff beingmounted upon said support in such manner as to said gun and having astationary throat mem-' her in registry with said cartridge receivingport of said gun and a roller member for supporting said beltand guidingthe latter and changing the direction of movement thereof during itsprogress toward said gun, said roller being mounted upon said throatmember by means permitting rotation of said roller relative to saidthroat member about an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of saidroller, and a second guide device mounted adjacent the outlet opening ofsaid cartridge belt container and comprising a cuff member adapted toslidably accommodate said cartridge belt when threaded therethrough,said cuff member being mountedupon a fixed support for pivotal movementrelative thereto about axes longitudinal and transverse with respect tothe 'direction of movement of cartridges through said cuff so that saidcutl automatically adjusts itself to support said belt relative to saidcontainer outlet opening in such manner as to avoid acute twists and/orturns in said belt at the point of emergence from said container outletopening.

14. In combination, a. machine gun flexibly amounted upon a supportingstructure for vertical into said gun, and a cartridge bolt guiding cuffrotatably mounted upon said ring member for rotation relative theretoabout an axis disposed transversely of said first mentioned axis, saidcufi' being hollowed to accommodate said belt in free-sliding relationwhen threaded therethrough and adapted to adjust itself to smoothlyguide movement of said belt in all directions away from said containeroutlet opening.

11. A cartridge belt guide device adapted to be mounted adjacent theoutlet opening of a cartridge belt container for use in association witha machine gun arranged to be flexibly mounted relative to said containerand at a position substantially spaced therefrom, comprising a cultmember adapted to be mounted in pivotable relation upon a fixed supportadjacent said container outlet opening for pivoting about an axissubstantially intersecting the direction of exodus of said cartridgebelt from said container when moving to feed into said gun, said cuff.being hollowed to accommodate said belt in free-sliding relation whenthreaded therethrough and adapted to adjust itself to smoothly guidemovement of said belt away from said container outlet opening.

12. A cartridge belt guide device adapted to be mounted adjacent theoutlet opening of a cartridge belt container for use in association witha machine gun, including a cuff member mounted upon a stationary supportin registry with and adjustments about a horizontal pivoting mounting,saidgun having a cartridge receiving port,

an ammunition container adapted to enclose a folded cartridge beltforcontinuous feeding thereof to said gun port, a cartridge belt guidedevice having a stationary throat portion fixed in registry with saidcartridge receiving port of said gun and a cartridge belt guidingabutment for supporting said cartridge belt and guiding the latter intochanges of direction of movement thereof during progress towards saidgun, said abutment being mounted upon said throat memberby meansadaptedto permit rotation of said abutment portion relative to said throatmember and about an axis coincident with an extension of the axis ofsaid horizontal pivoting mounting, and a second cartridge belt guidedevice mounted adjacent the outlet opening of said cartridge beltcontainer and comprising a cuff member adapted to guide said cartridgebelt when threaded therethrough, said cuff being rotatable about axeslongitudinal and transverse with respect to the direction of movement ofcartridges therethrough but non-displaceable bodily so as to be adaptedto automatically adjust itself to changes in the direction of retreat ofsaid belt from said cuff in such manner as to divide the angles of beltmovement direction about said cuff member as a center.

JOHN C. TRO'I'IER. JOHN L. JEWE'I'I.

